![]() ![]() Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder ![]() Snoring, witnessed apneas, gasping or choking, excessive daytime sleepiness Modafinil (Provigil) or stimulants, gamma hydroxybutyric acid (sodium oxybate ), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors It is diagnosed based on history and polysomnography findings, and treated with environmental safety measures and melatonin or clonazepam.īright light therapy in the morning, low-dose melatonin in the eveningĭifficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, daytime sleepiness with inability to nap, daytime impairment (e.g., difficulty with memory, concentration, attention worry about sleep mood disturbance irritability)Ĭognitive behavior therapy, benzodiazepine receptor agonistsĮxcessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hallucinations upon falling asleep or awakening Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is characterized by increased muscle tone during rapid eye movement sleep, resulting in the patient acting out dreams with possible harmful consequences. Continuous positive airway pressure is the most common and effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. Patients with snoring and witnessed apneas may have obstructive sleep apnea, which is diagnosed using overnight polysomnography. Narcolepsy is treated with stimulants, such as modafinil selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or gamma hydroxybutyric acid (sodium oxybate). It is diagnosed using a sleep log or actigraphy, followed by overnight polysomnography and a multiple sleep latency test. Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Restless legs syndrome is treated based on the frequency of symptoms. Restless legs syndrome is characterized by an urge to move the legs that worsens with rest, is relieved by movement, and often occurs in the evening or at night. Insomnia, defined as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep that results in daytime impairment, is diagnosed using history findings and treated with cognitive behavior therapy, with or without sleep hypnotics. Patients with sleep disorders can be categorized as those who cannot sleep, those who will not sleep, those with excessive daytime sleepiness, and those with increased movements during sleep. Sleep disorders are common and affect sleep quality and quantity, leading to increased morbidity.
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